Ments



(NoModeU v B. L. FAIRGHILD.

MEANS FOR JUSTIFYING TYPE. 7 No. 572,974. Patented Dec. 15, 1896.

FINITED STATES BEN L. FAIRCIIILD, OF NElV YORK,

PATENT FFICE.

N. Y., ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- MEANS FOR JUSTIFYING TY PE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 572,974, dated December 15, 1896. Application filed July 31,1890. Serial No. 360,487. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, BEN I1. FAIRCHILD, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York city, county of New York, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Means for J ustifying Type, fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, forming a part of the same.

This invention relates to an improved means for justifying type which is of general application in all cases in which it is necessary to justify a line of composed type, whether set by hand or by machine, but is of I 5 especial value as applied to type-setting, ma-

trix-making, type-casting, or other machines in which a line of type is set up and justified mechanically.

In justifying type, that is to say, spacing the same out to a predetermined length, it is necessary that the parallelism of the type shall be maintained. IIeretofore this has been secured either by using an expansible space composed of two reversely-arranged wedges, 2 5 or by using a space of wedge form arranged to act against a corresponding inclined surface extending in the direction of the length of the type or matrix, so that the justification was effected by moving the wedge in a direction parallel with the face of the type.

In carrying my invention into effect I CODI- bine with the type, having a correspondin g1 yinclined surface, a wedge j ustifier in one piece arranged to move in a direction at right a11- 3 5 gles to the face of the type, that is to say, to

ward and from the face. 1

In one of its forms my justifier is constructed with two wedges, one behind the other, to cooperate with the side face of the type.

For a full understanding of my invention a detailed description will now be given, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which*- Figure 1 is a portion of a matrixanaking machine of a common construction in which the type and j ustifiers are carried by sliding bars and j ustification is made by advancing the justifiers in a direction parallel to the 50 type-faces, some of the type being shown in section. Fig. 2 is a side view of the same.

Fig. 3 shows in horizontal. section a construction similar to that in the preceding figures, except that the type and justifiers are not carried by bars. Fig. 4 shows an unjustified line of type with justiiiers moving longitudinally of the type-that is to say, in a direction toward and from the face of the type. Fig. 5 shows the same line justified. Figs. 6 and 7 are respectively side and edge views of a justiiier formed integral with the j ustifierbar. Figs. 8 and 9 are central longitudinal sections of a justifier moving independently of the justifier-bar, the sections being taken at right angles. Fig. 10 is a detail plan of the type ofv Figs; 1 to Fig. 11 is a side view of the same. Fig. 12 is a section on the line 1212 of Figs. 10 and 11. Fig. 13 is a perspective view of one of the type shown in Figs. 4 and 5 to illustrate the inclined surfaces in its side. Fig. lat is a perspective view of one of the j ustifiers shown in Figs. 4: and 5, illustrating the two inclined surfaces 011 its side.

Referring now particularly to Figs. 1 and 7 5 2, A A are side walls of the composing-space in the machine, 13 is the bar against which the type rest during the process of composition, and C is the platen by which the impresion is made. The type a and j ustifiers b are carried by the type and justifier bars 0 (Z, respectively. It will be understood that in this construction the type-bars c, carrying the type Ct, move longitudinally one after another during the composition of the line until each type is brought 8 5 to hear at one side against therest-bar B, the body of the type then being upon the restbar in position to be securely locked against the same, and the j ustifier-bars (Z also move longitudinally until the j ustifiers b are brought into the composing-space between the assembled type. In this construction the type-body, as shown clearly in Figs. 1, 10, 11, and 12, is provided with an inclined justifying-surface 1, this surface extending from the 5 outer wall of the type inward to any line desired, preferably to the central line of the body, as shown. From this inner end of the incline 1 the surface of the type is beveled or inclined outward to the wall of the type on the side opposite the outer end of the incline 1. This surface 2 performs no function in in any suitable manner.

j ustification, however, and this portion of the type may be of any other suitable form, so long as the two sides of the type are held at the same distance apart by the justifier and follower, as herein described. The construction shown, however, provides a strong type and one easily produced. These inclined surfaces 1 2 preferably extend, as shown, less than the full thickness of the type-body, in order to leave the full width of the type for the support of the type-face, and the surfaces thus form grooves upon opposite sides of the type, extending across the body in a direction parallel to the type-face and having walls reversely inclined longitudinally of the bar.

The justifier 1) (shown clearly in Figs. 1, 6, and 7) is of awidth equal to that of the groove formed in the type, and consists of a bar 3, provided with two wedges 4 5, formed integral with the bar, as shown, or secured thereto The inclines of the wedge 4 extend in the same direction as the inclined surfaces 1 of the grooved type, and the angles "of the wedge and inclined surface are preferably the same. The wedge 5 is inclined in the same direction as wedge 4t and engages the type at the outer end of the incline Vv hen the justifier is positioned between the type previous to .j'us-ti-fica'tion, the wedge 1 is in the position shown in Fig. 1,. with its inclined surfaces in contact with the inclined surfaces 1 of two adjacent type and separating the two type the required distance at one edge, while the wedge 5 passes between the type at the outer end and holds them at a corresponding distance apart. When the .j usti- Iier is pressed forward for justification, the type are forced farther apart by the action of the wedge l on the inclined surfaces 1 of the type, and wedge 5 moves with the wedge 4 and acts as a follower, preserving the uniformity of distan'cebetwc'en the two opposing surfaces or side faces of the type.

In Figs. 8 and 9 is shown, on an enlarged scale, a modified for-in of justifier, in which the bar 3 is in the form of a sleeve carrying the wedges l and 5 and adapted toslide upon the justilier-bar d. The sleeve 3 is provided with a pin 6 and the justifier-bar with a groove 7, the movement of the justifier on the justifier-b'ar thus being limited in both directions.

The construction shown in Fig. 3 .is substantially the same as-that shown in Figs. 1 and 2, except that the type are not carried by bars, but are 'of the form of ordinary type, except for the inclined surfaces 1 2'. The ju'stifiers Z) in this construction may be carried by bars, as in the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2, but are shown as independent pieces, which may be dropped or otherwise introduced between the type in the process of composition.

In the construction shown in Figs. 4, 5, 13-, and 14 the inclined surfaces 1 2 of the type extend longitudinally of the type or toward the type-faces, instead of transversely, as in the preceding figures, and the justifier 1) moves toward the face of the type, instead of at right angles thereto. With my means for justifying, this movement of the justifier is practicable, for, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the justifier previous to justification need not extend outside the body of the type on the face side, so that on justification the justifiers still project but avery slight distance beyond the body and do not interfere with the impression. In this construction the justifiers b are preferably made the full width of the type, as shown in Figs. 13 and 14, the direction in which the inclined surfaces of the type extend, leaving the full body of the type for the support of the face and rendering the grooved construction unnecessary.

While I have used the word type to describe my invention, it will be understood that my invention is equally applicable to matrices, and I desire to be understood as using the word type to cover dies provided with either a raised or sunken character upon the face and independent of the use made of the line of composed and justified dies.

7 It is evident that many modifications may be made in the specific construction shown Without departing from my invention.

I am aware that a type-body having parallel side faces has been provided with an inclined surface or depression in the side from end to end to operate with a j ustifyin g-wedge movable in a direction parallel with the face of the type, as shown in the application of \V. S. Scudder, Serial No. 365,815, and therefore 'I do not lay broadclai-m to a type having an inclined justifying-surface to directly cooperate with a wedge. I believe myself to be the first, however, toconstruc't a type with an inclined justifying-surfaceextending but partly across the type, so that the latter is left at full thickness at both edges to cooperate with a j-ustifier having two wedges. I believe myself to be the first also to-combine with a type havinga correspondinglyeinelined surface a justifying-wedge which moves in a direction at right angles to the face of the type, that is to say, toward and from the face. I also believe myself to be the first to provide a .justi fier having two wedge-surfaces, one in advance of the other, to act at the same time on a type.

\Vhat I claim is- 1. In combination with a j ustiii-er having two inclined surfaces, one in advance of the other, a type having parallel outer surfaces and recessed to cooperate withthejustifier substantially as shown.

2. In combination with two type having inclined justifying-surfaces and a justifier adapted to move between said type and provided with a just ifying wedge engaging said surfaces and with a follower-wedge holding the type apart substantially as described.

3. In combination with ;a composed line of type, the wedge j'usti fier adapted to slide for face of the type and adapted to be protruded at the front substantially as described and shown.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set I 5 my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

BEN L. FAIROHILD.

Witnesses WM. E. STIGER, PAUL GORHAM. 

